Relative references
A normal reference (`B2`) is relative: when you copy the formula, it shifts to match the new location.
How it works
=B2*C2 in D2 really means “multiply the two cells to my left”. Copy it to D3 and it becomes =B3*C3.
Why it’s handy
Write one formula and fill it down thousands of rows — each row calculates with its own data.
Copying sideways
Copy right and the column letters shift: =B2 → =C2. Copy down and the row numbers shift: =B2 → =B3.
Tips
- Most references in Excel are relative — it’s the default.
- If a reference must not move, use an absolute reference (next topic).
Try it in the simulator
Fill D2 down to D5 and compare each cell’s formula in the formula bar.
Книга1 - Excel
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Буфер обмена
Calibri ▾11 ▾
Шрифт
Выравнивание
Общий ▾
Число
Стили
Ячейки
Редактирование
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| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | |
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| 1 | Product | Qty | Price | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | Bread | 3 | 4000 | 12000 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | Milk | 2 | 12000 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | Eggs | 10 | 1500 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | Tea | 1 | 25000 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 10 |
Лист1
Готово
−+100%
Test your knowledge
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